|
; also known as ''Wakayamatonekohikooobi no Mikoto''; is the ninth emperor of Japan,〔Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō''): ( 開化天皇 (9) ); retrieved 2013-8-28.〕 according to the traditional order of succession.〔Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ; Brown, Delmer M. (1979). ''Gukanshō,'' p. 252; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki,'' p. 93〕 No firm dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign; he is conventionally considered to have reigned from 157 BC to 98 BC.〔Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). ''The Imperial House of Japan,'' p. 30.〕 He may have lived in the early 1st century.〔Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Kaika Tennō''" in .〕 ==Legendary narrative== Modern scholars have come to question the existence of at least the first nine emperors; Kaika's son Emperor Sujin is the first that many agree might have actually existed, in the third or fourth century.〔Yoshida, Reiji. ("Life in the Cloudy Imperial Fishbowl," ) ''Japan Times.'' March 27, 2007; retrieved 2013-8-22.〕 The name Kaika''-tennō'' was assigned to him posthumously by later generations.〔Brinkley, Frank. (1915). ; excerpt, "Posthumous names for the earthly ''Mikados'' were invented in the reign of Emperor Kammu (782-805), i.e., after the date of the compilation of the ''Records'' and the ''Chronicles.''"〕 Kaika is regarded by historians as a "legendary emperor," and there is a paucity of information about him. There is insufficient material for further verification and study.〔Kelly, Charles F. ( "Kofun Culture," ) ( Japanese Archaeology. ) April 27, 2009.〕 The reign of Emperor Kimmei (509?–571 AD), the 29th emperor,〔Titsingh, (pp. 34–36 ); Brown, ( pp. 261–262; Varley, pp. 123–124 ).〕 is the first for which contemporary historiography is able to assign verifiable dates;〔Hoye, Timothy. (1999). ''Japanese Politics: Fixed and Floating Worlds,'' p. 78; excerpt, "According to legend, the first Japanese emperor was Jimmu. Along with the next 13 emperors, Jimmu is not considered an actual, historical figure. Historically verifiable Emperors of Japan date from the early sixth century with Kimmei.〕 However, the conventionally accepted names and dates of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu (737–806), the 50th sovereign of the Yamato dynasty.〔Aston, William. (1896). ''Nihongi,'' pp. 109.〕 In the ''Kojiki'' and ''Nihonshoki'', only his name and genealogy were recorded. The Japanese have traditionally accepted this sovereign's historical existence, and an Imperial ''misasagi'' or tomb for Kaika is maintained; however, no extant contemporary records have been discovered that confirm a view that this historical figure reigned. He was the eighth of eight emperors without specific legends associated with them, also known as the .〔Aston, William. (1998). ''Nihongi,'' Vol. 1, pp. 148-149.〕 Jien records that Kaika was the second son of Emperor Kōgen and that he ruled from the palace of ''Isakawa-no-miya'' at Kasuga in what came to be known as Yamato province.〔Brown, p. 252.〕 Kaika is a posthumous name. It is undisputed that this identification is Chinese in form and Buddhist in implication, which suggests that the name must have been regularized centuries after the lifetime ascribed to Kaika, possibly during the time in which legends about the origins of the Yamato dynasty were compiled as the chronicles known today as the ''Kojiki''.〔 The site of Kaika's grave is not known.〔 This emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (''misasagi'') in Nara. The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Kaika's mausoleum. It is formally named ''Kasuga no Izakawa no sak no e no misasagi''.〔Ponsonby-Fane, p. 418.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Emperor Kaika」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|